Written by Dr. Mallika Manoj Prabhudesai, Consultant Dental Surgeon
Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last set of teeth to develop, usually emerging in the late teenage years or early twenties. For some people, they come in without causing any issues, aligning well with existing teeth and functioning like any other molar. But for many others, these late arrivals can become a source of discomfort, complications, and dental concerns that require attention.
One of the most common reasons wisdom teeth cause problems is the lack of space in the jaw. As modern diets and evolution have gradually reduced jaw size, there often isn’t enough room for these extra molars to emerge properly. When this happens, the teeth may grow at odd angles, remain partially erupted, or become fully impacted beneath the gums. These situations can create pockets where food particles and bacteria accumulate, increasing the risk of infection, swelling, and pain. In some cases, this can even lead to difficulty in opening the mouth comfortably.
Impacted wisdom teeth can also press against neighbouring molars, potentially causing damage or shifting alignment over time. This can undo years of orthodontic work or create new dental issues that extend beyond the wisdom teeth themselves. Because of these risks, dentists often monitor the development of third molars through regular check-ups and imaging.
However, removal is not always necessary. If wisdom teeth are healthy, fully erupted, and properly aligned, they can remain in place without causing any harm. The decision to remove them typically depends on symptoms such as persistent pain, infection, gum inflammation, or damage to adjacent teeth. In some cases, dentists may recommend preventive removal if they anticipate future complications based on positioning and available space.
When removal is required, the procedure is commonly performed by a dentist or oral surgeon under local anesthesia, though general anesthesia may be used in certain cases. The process is routine and widely practiced, but like any surgical procedure, it comes with a recovery period. Swelling, mild discomfort, and limited mouth opening are normal in the days following the extraction. Proper post-operative care, including medication, rest, and maintaining oral hygiene, plays a crucial role in ensuring a smooth recovery.
Understanding your wisdom teeth and paying attention to early signs of trouble can help prevent more serious complications down the line. Regular dental visits and timely advice from professionals can make all the difference. After all, maintaining oral health isn’t just about treating problems—it’s about preventing them before they begin.
