For decades, the landscapes of Goa have shaped the state’s identity. Beaches, forests, mangrove creeks and waterfalls form an essential part of its ecological heritage and tourism appeal. But in recent years, another element has begun appearing across many of these natural spaces — litter.
Waste that was once largely confined to towns, beaches and roadside areas is now increasingly visible deep inside forest trails, trekking routes, mangrove areas and near waterfalls. Discarded packaging ranging from plastic containers and snack wrappers to glass bottles is gradually making its way into fragile ecosystems.
Environmental observers say that litter often travels far beyond where it is first discarded. Wind, rainfall and human activity can carry waste through streams, forest paths and coastal areas, spreading it into landscapes that were once relatively undisturbed.
People who regularly spend time in these natural areas say the change is becoming increasingly noticeable. Aarti Das, who leads trekking groups with Eco Treks Goa, says groups often encounter garbage along forest routes that were once pristine.
She explains that many trekking groups attempt to collect litter during their hikes, bringing back garbage that is found along the trails. At the same time, trekkers are encouraged to carry reusable cups, bottles and plates instead of disposable items to reduce the amount of waste generated during outdoor activities.
Some organisations also organise clean-up treks to remove litter left behind by visitors. However, Das notes that such efforts alone cannot solve the problem.
According to her, awareness among visitors is crucial. Trekkers and tourists need to adopt responsible practices by carrying reusable items and avoiding disposable packaging when visiting natural spaces.
Wildlife rescuers warn that the growing presence of waste in forests can have serious consequences for animals. Shricharan Desai from SAWE says rescue teams frequently encounter animals injured or trapped in discarded waste.
He notes that snakes and other animals have sometimes been found with their mouths stuck inside beer cans, while stray dogs have been seen with their heads trapped in plastic jars. In other cases, animals such as monitor lizards have become trapped inside plastic containers left behind in forested areas.
Wildlife experts also point out that animals sometimes mistake waste for food. Food scraps left in the open can attract rodents, whose scent may mislead snakes or other predators into ingesting plastic or metal objects.
Tourism has also increased the pressure on Goa’s natural landscapes. The state receives more than one crore visitors annually — a number that far exceeds its resident population. The growing consumption of packaged goods such as bottled drinks and snack wrappers means more waste enters public spaces and eventually finds its way into forests and waterways.
Environmental observers say that one possible way to change behaviour is by attaching economic value to waste so that discarded packaging becomes a recoverable resource rather than something to abandon in nature. When waste has value, it is more likely to be collected and returned into recycling systems instead of being left in forests or trekking areas.
For Bianca Dias, founder of Off Trail Adventures, the issue is not only about litter but also the growing crowds visiting fragile ecosystems.
She says that the increasing number of visitors to scenic spots is putting pressure on landscapes that require careful stewardship. According to her, forests and waterfalls should be treated with respect and responsibility, as they represent places of reflection and connection with nature.
As tourism continues to expand, environmentalists say protecting these natural spaces will depend not only on clean-up drives but also on building a culture of responsible travel and sustainable outdoor practices.
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